HUMALOG MIX25 KWIKPEN Insulin Lispro (rDNA) 100Units / mL (3.5mg / mL) Suspension for SC Injection 3mL 1's
RXDRUG-BR-957-1pc
Discreet Packaging
FDA-registered Products
FDA-licensed Pharmacies
Indications/Uses
Humalog Mix25 is indicated for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus who require insulin for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis.
Dosage/Direction for Use
Posology: The dosage should be determined by the physician, according to the requirement of the patient.
Humalog Mix25 may be given shortly before meals. When necessary, Humalog Mix25 can be given soon after meals. Humalog Mix25 should only be given by subcutaneous injection. Under no circumstances should Humalog Mix25 be given intravenously.
The rapid onset and early peak of activity of Humalog itself is observed following the subcutaneous administration of Humalog Mix25. This allows Humalog Mix25 to be given very close to mealtime. The duration of action of the insulin lispro protamine suspension component of Humalog Mix25 is similar to that of a basal insulin (NPH).
The time course of action of any insulin may vary considerably in different individuals or at different times in the same individual. As with all insulin preparations, the duration of action of Humalog Mix25 is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.
Special populations: Renal impairment: Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment: Insulin requirements may be reduced in patients with hepatic impairment due to reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin breakdown; however, in patients with chronic hepatic impairment, an increase in insulin resistance may lead to increased insulin requirements.
Paediatric population: The safety and effectiveness of Humalog Mix25 in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.
Method of administration: Subcutaneous administration should be in the upper arms, thighs, buttocks, or abdomen. Use of injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month, in order to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis (see Precautions and Adverse Reactions).
When administered subcutaneously care should be taken when injecting Humalog Mix25 to ensure that a blood vessel has not been entered. After injection, the site of injection should not be massaged. Patients must be educated to use the proper injection techniques.
KwikPen: The KwikPen delivers 1-60 units in steps of 1 unit in a single injection. The needed dose is dialled in units. The number of units is shown in the dose window of the pen.
Humalog Mix25 may be given shortly before meals. When necessary, Humalog Mix25 can be given soon after meals. Humalog Mix25 should only be given by subcutaneous injection. Under no circumstances should Humalog Mix25 be given intravenously.
The rapid onset and early peak of activity of Humalog itself is observed following the subcutaneous administration of Humalog Mix25. This allows Humalog Mix25 to be given very close to mealtime. The duration of action of the insulin lispro protamine suspension component of Humalog Mix25 is similar to that of a basal insulin (NPH).
The time course of action of any insulin may vary considerably in different individuals or at different times in the same individual. As with all insulin preparations, the duration of action of Humalog Mix25 is dependent on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.
Special populations: Renal impairment: Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment: Insulin requirements may be reduced in patients with hepatic impairment due to reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis and reduced insulin breakdown; however, in patients with chronic hepatic impairment, an increase in insulin resistance may lead to increased insulin requirements.
Paediatric population: The safety and effectiveness of Humalog Mix25 in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.
Method of administration: Subcutaneous administration should be in the upper arms, thighs, buttocks, or abdomen. Use of injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month, in order to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis (see Precautions and Adverse Reactions).
When administered subcutaneously care should be taken when injecting Humalog Mix25 to ensure that a blood vessel has not been entered. After injection, the site of injection should not be massaged. Patients must be educated to use the proper injection techniques.
KwikPen: The KwikPen delivers 1-60 units in steps of 1 unit in a single injection. The needed dose is dialled in units. The number of units is shown in the dose window of the pen.
Overdosage
Insulins have no specific overdose definitions because serum glucose concentrations are a result of complex interactions between insulin levels, glucose availability and other metabolic processes. Hypoglycaemia may occur as a result of an excess of insulin activity relative to food intake and energy expenditure.
Hypoglycaemia may be associated with listlessness, confusion, palpitations, headache, sweating and vomiting.
Mild hypoglycaemia episodes will respond to oral administration of glucose or other sugar or saccharated products.
Correction of moderately severe hypoglycemia can be accomplished by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of glucagon, followed by oral carbohydrate when the patient recovers sufficiently. Patients who fail to respond to glucagon must be given glucose solution intravenously.
If the patient is comatose, glucagon should be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. However, glucose solution must be given intravenously if glucagon is not available or if the patient fails to respond to glucagon. The patient should be given a meal as soon as consciousness is recovered.
Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
Hypoglycaemia may be associated with listlessness, confusion, palpitations, headache, sweating and vomiting.
Mild hypoglycaemia episodes will respond to oral administration of glucose or other sugar or saccharated products.
Correction of moderately severe hypoglycemia can be accomplished by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of glucagon, followed by oral carbohydrate when the patient recovers sufficiently. Patients who fail to respond to glucagon must be given glucose solution intravenously.
If the patient is comatose, glucagon should be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. However, glucose solution must be given intravenously if glucagon is not available or if the patient fails to respond to glucagon. The patient should be given a meal as soon as consciousness is recovered.
Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.
Administration
Should be taken with food: Administer shortly before or w/in 15 min after meals.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in Description.
Hypoglycaemia.
Hypoglycaemia.
Special Precautions
Traceability: In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.
Under no circumstances should Humalog Mix25 be given intravenously.
Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin: Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin should be done under strict medical supervision. Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular/soluble, NPH/isophane, etc.), species (animal, human, human insulin analogue), and/or method of manufacture (recombinant DNA versus animal-source insulin) may result in the need for a change in dosage.
Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia: Conditions which may make the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia different or less pronounced include long duration of diabetes, intensified insulin therapy, diabetic nerve disease or medications such as beta-blockers.
A few patients who have experienced hypoglyacemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin. Uncorrected hypoglycaemic or hyperglycemic reactions can cause loss of consciousness, coma, or death.
The use of dosages which are inadequate or discontinuation of treatment, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics, may lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; conditions which are potentially lethal.
Injection technique: Patients must be instructed to perform continuous rotation of the injection site to reduce the risk of developing lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis. There is a potential risk of delayed insulin absorption and worsened glycaemic control following insulin injections at sites with these reactions. A sudden change in the injection site to an unaffected area has been reported to result in hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended after the change in the injection site, and dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications may be considered.
Insulin requirements and dosage adjustment: Insulin requirements may be increased during illness or emotional disturbances.
Adjustment of dosage may also be necessary if patients undertake increased physical activity or change their usual diet. Exercise taken immediately after a meal may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Combination of Humalog Mix25 with Thiazolidinediones: Cases of cardiac failure have been reported when thiazolidinediones was used in combination with insulin, especially in patients with risk factors for development of cardiac heart failure. This should be kept in mind, if treatment with the combination of thiazolidinediones and Humalog Mix25 is considered. If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema.
Thiazolidinediones should be discontinued, if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs.
Avoidance of medication errors: Patients must be instructed to always check the insulin label before each injection to avoid accidental mix-ups between the two different strengths of Humalog KwikPen as well as other insulin products. Patients must visually verify the dialled units on the dose counter of the pen. Therefore, the requirement for patients to self-inject is that they can read the dose counter on the pen. Patients who are blind or have poor vision must be instructed to always get help/assistance from another person who has good vision and is trained in using the insulin device.
Excipients: This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e., essentially "sodium-free".
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycaemia. This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery).
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving, this is particularly important in those who have reduced or absent awareness of the warning signs of hypoglycaemia or have frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia. The advisability of driving should be considered in these circumstances.
Under no circumstances should Humalog Mix25 be given intravenously.
Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin: Transferring a patient to another type or brand of insulin should be done under strict medical supervision. Changes in strength, brand (manufacturer), type (regular/soluble, NPH/isophane, etc.), species (animal, human, human insulin analogue), and/or method of manufacture (recombinant DNA versus animal-source insulin) may result in the need for a change in dosage.
Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia: Conditions which may make the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia different or less pronounced include long duration of diabetes, intensified insulin therapy, diabetic nerve disease or medications such as beta-blockers.
A few patients who have experienced hypoglyacemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin. Uncorrected hypoglycaemic or hyperglycemic reactions can cause loss of consciousness, coma, or death.
The use of dosages which are inadequate or discontinuation of treatment, especially in insulin-dependent diabetics, may lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis; conditions which are potentially lethal.
Injection technique: Patients must be instructed to perform continuous rotation of the injection site to reduce the risk of developing lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis. There is a potential risk of delayed insulin absorption and worsened glycaemic control following insulin injections at sites with these reactions. A sudden change in the injection site to an unaffected area has been reported to result in hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended after the change in the injection site, and dose adjustment of antidiabetic medications may be considered.
Insulin requirements and dosage adjustment: Insulin requirements may be increased during illness or emotional disturbances.
Adjustment of dosage may also be necessary if patients undertake increased physical activity or change their usual diet. Exercise taken immediately after a meal may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Combination of Humalog Mix25 with Thiazolidinediones: Cases of cardiac failure have been reported when thiazolidinediones was used in combination with insulin, especially in patients with risk factors for development of cardiac heart failure. This should be kept in mind, if treatment with the combination of thiazolidinediones and Humalog Mix25 is considered. If the combination is used, patients should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, weight gain and oedema.
Thiazolidinediones should be discontinued, if any deterioration in cardiac symptoms occurs.
Avoidance of medication errors: Patients must be instructed to always check the insulin label before each injection to avoid accidental mix-ups between the two different strengths of Humalog KwikPen as well as other insulin products. Patients must visually verify the dialled units on the dose counter of the pen. Therefore, the requirement for patients to self-inject is that they can read the dose counter on the pen. Patients who are blind or have poor vision must be instructed to always get help/assistance from another person who has good vision and is trained in using the insulin device.
Excipients: This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, i.e., essentially "sodium-free".
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycaemia. This may constitute a risk in situations where these abilities are of special importance (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery).
Patients should be advised to take precautions to avoid hypoglycaemia whilst driving, this is particularly important in those who have reduced or absent awareness of the warning signs of hypoglycaemia or have frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia. The advisability of driving should be considered in these circumstances.
Use In Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Data on a large number of exposed pregnancies do not indicate any adverse effect of insulin lispro on pregnancy or on the health of the fetus/newborn.
It is essential to maintain good control of the insulin-treated (insulin-dependent or gestational diabetes) patient throughout pregnancy. Insulin requirements usually fall during the first trimester and increase during the second and third trimesters. Patients with diabetes should be advised to inform their doctor if they are pregnant or are contemplating pregnancy. Careful monitoring of glucose control, as well as general health, is essential in pregnant patients with diabetes.
Brest-feeding: Patients with diabetes who are breastfeeding may require adjustments in insulin dose, diet or both.
Fertility: Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment in animal studies (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions).
It is essential to maintain good control of the insulin-treated (insulin-dependent or gestational diabetes) patient throughout pregnancy. Insulin requirements usually fall during the first trimester and increase during the second and third trimesters. Patients with diabetes should be advised to inform their doctor if they are pregnant or are contemplating pregnancy. Careful monitoring of glucose control, as well as general health, is essential in pregnant patients with diabetes.
Brest-feeding: Patients with diabetes who are breastfeeding may require adjustments in insulin dose, diet or both.
Fertility: Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment in animal studies (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions).
Adverse Reactions
Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent undesirable effect of insulin therapy that a patient with diabetes may suffer. Severe hypoglycaemia may lead to loss of consciousness, and in extreme cases, death. No specific frequency for hypoglycaemia is presented, since hypoglycaemia is a result of both the insulin dose and other factors e.g. a patient's level of diet and exercise.
The following related adverse reactions from clinical trials are listed as follows as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥1/10; common: ≥1/100 to <1/10; uncommon: ≥1/1,000 to <1/100; rare: ≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000; very rare: <1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. (See Table 2.)
Description of selected adverse reactions: Local allergy: Local allergy in patients is common. Redness, swelling, and itching can occur at the site of insulin injection. This condition usually resolves in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, this condition may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in the skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique.
Systemic allergy: Systemic allergy, which is rare but potentially more serious, is a generalised allergy to insulin. It may cause a rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, fast pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalised allergy may be life-threatening.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis may occur at the injection site and delay local insulin absorption. Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions (see Precautions).
Oedema: Cases of oedema have been reported with insulin therapy, particularly if previous poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
The following related adverse reactions from clinical trials are listed as follows as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and in order of decreasing incidence (very common: ≥1/10; common: ≥1/100 to <1/10; uncommon: ≥1/1,000 to <1/100; rare: ≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000; very rare: <1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. (See Table 2.)
Description of selected adverse reactions: Local allergy: Local allergy in patients is common. Redness, swelling, and itching can occur at the site of insulin injection. This condition usually resolves in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, this condition may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in the skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique.
Systemic allergy: Systemic allergy, which is rare but potentially more serious, is a generalised allergy to insulin. It may cause a rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, fast pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalised allergy may be life-threatening.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Lipodystrophy and cutaneous amyloidosis may occur at the injection site and delay local insulin absorption. Continuous rotation of the injection site within the given injection area may help to reduce or prevent these reactions (see Precautions).
Oedema: Cases of oedema have been reported with insulin therapy, particularly if previous poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
Drug Interactions
Insulin requirements may be increased by substances with hyperglycaemic activity, such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, or thyroid replacement therapy, danazol, beta2 stimulants (such as ritodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline).
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of substances with hypoglycaemic activity, such as oral hypoglycaemics, salicylates (for example, acetylsalicylic acid), sulphate antibiotics, certain antidepressants (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, octreotide or alcohol.
Mixing Humalog Mix25 with other insulins has not been studied.
The physician should be consulted when using other medications in addition to Humalog Mix25 (see Precautions).
Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of substances with hypoglycaemic activity, such as oral hypoglycaemics, salicylates (for example, acetylsalicylic acid), sulphate antibiotics, certain antidepressants (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, octreotide or alcohol.
Mixing Humalog Mix25 with other insulins has not been studied.
The physician should be consulted when using other medications in addition to Humalog Mix25 (see Precautions).
Caution For Usage
Incompatibilities: Mixing Humalog Mix25 with other insulins has not been studied. In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
Special precautions for disposal and other handling: Instructions for use and handling: To prevent the possible transmission of disease, each pen must be used by one patient only, even if the needle on the delivery device is changed. Patients using vials must never share needles or syringes. The patient should discard the needle after every injection.
The Humalog Mix25 should be examined frequently and should not be used if clumps of material are present or if solid white particles stick to the bottom or wall of the container, giving it a frosted appearance.
Preparing a dose: KwikPens containing Humalog Mix25 should be rotated in the palms of the hands ten times and inverted 180° ten times immediately before use to resuspend the insulin until it appears uniformly cloudy or milky.
If not, repeat the above procedure until contents are mixed.
Do not shake vigorously as this may cause frothing which may interfere with the correct measurement of the dose.
Before using the KwikPen the user manual included in the package leaflet must be read carefully. The KwikPen has to be used as recommended in the user manual.
Pens should not be used if any part looks broken or damaged.
Injecting a dose: If using a KwikPen or reusable pen refer to the detailed instructions for preparing the pen and injecting the dose, the following is a general description. 1. Wash the hands.
2. Choose a site for injection.
3. Clean the skin as instructed.
4. Stabilise the skin by spreading it or pinching up a large area. Insert the needle and inject as instructed.
5. Pull the needle out and apply gentle pressure over the injection site for several seconds. Do not rub the area.
6. Dispose of the syringe and needle safely. For an injection device use the outer needle cap, unscrew the needle and dispose of it safely.
7. Use of the injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Special precautions for disposal and other handling: Instructions for use and handling: To prevent the possible transmission of disease, each pen must be used by one patient only, even if the needle on the delivery device is changed. Patients using vials must never share needles or syringes. The patient should discard the needle after every injection.
The Humalog Mix25 should be examined frequently and should not be used if clumps of material are present or if solid white particles stick to the bottom or wall of the container, giving it a frosted appearance.
Preparing a dose: KwikPens containing Humalog Mix25 should be rotated in the palms of the hands ten times and inverted 180° ten times immediately before use to resuspend the insulin until it appears uniformly cloudy or milky.
If not, repeat the above procedure until contents are mixed.
Do not shake vigorously as this may cause frothing which may interfere with the correct measurement of the dose.
Before using the KwikPen the user manual included in the package leaflet must be read carefully. The KwikPen has to be used as recommended in the user manual.
Pens should not be used if any part looks broken or damaged.
Injecting a dose: If using a KwikPen or reusable pen refer to the detailed instructions for preparing the pen and injecting the dose, the following is a general description. 1. Wash the hands.
2. Choose a site for injection.
3. Clean the skin as instructed.
4. Stabilise the skin by spreading it or pinching up a large area. Insert the needle and inject as instructed.
5. Pull the needle out and apply gentle pressure over the injection site for several seconds. Do not rub the area.
6. Dispose of the syringe and needle safely. For an injection device use the outer needle cap, unscrew the needle and dispose of it safely.
7. Use of the injection sites should be rotated so that the same site is not used more than approximately once a month.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Storage
Do not freeze. Do not expose to excessive heat or direct sunlight.
Before use: Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
After first use: Store below 30°C. Do not refrigerate. The KwikPen should not be stored with the needle attached. The in-use shelf-life is 28 days.
Before use: Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
After first use: Store below 30°C. Do not refrigerate. The KwikPen should not be stored with the needle attached. The in-use shelf-life is 28 days.
Action
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Drugs used in diabetes, insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate or long acting combined with fast acting. ATC Code: A10A D04.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The primary activity of insulin lispro is the regulation of glucose metabolism.
In addition, insulins have several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on a variety of different tissues. Within muscle tissue this includes increasing glycogen, fatty acid, glycerol and protein synthesis and amino acid uptake, while decreasing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism and amino acid output.
Insulin lispro has a rapid onset of action (approximately 15 minutes), thus allowing it to be given closer to a meal (within zero to 15 minutes of the meal) when compared to soluble insulin (30 to 45 minutes before). The rapid onset and early peak of activity of insulin lispro is observed following the subcutaneous administration of Humalog Mix25. Humalog Basal has an activity profile that is very similar to that of a basal insulin (NPH) over a period of approximately 15 hours.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia with Humalog Mix25 compared to human insulin mixture 30/70. In one clinical study there was a small (0.38 mmol/l) increase in blood glucose levels at night (3 a.m.).
In the figure as follows the pharmacodynamics of Humalog Mix25 and BASAL are illustrated. (See figure.)
The previous representation reflects the relative amount of glucose over time required to maintain the subject's whole blood glucose concentrations near fasting levels and is an indicator of the effect of these insulins on glucose metabolism over time.
The glucodynamic response to insulin lispro is not affected by renal or hepatic function impairment. Glucodynamic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin, as measured during a glucose clamp procedure, were maintained over a wide range of renal function.
Insulin lispro has been shown to be equipotent to human insulin on a molar basis but its effect is more rapid and of a shorter duration.
In two 8-month open label crossover studies, type 2 diabetes patients who were either new to insulin therapy or already using one or two injections of insulin, received 4 months of treatment with Humalog Mix25 (used twice daily with metformin) and insulin glargine (used once daily with metformin) in a randomised sequence.
Detailed information can be found in the following table. (See Table 1.)
Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro reflect a compound that is rapidly absorbed, and achieves peak blood levels 30 to 70 minutes following subcutaneous injection. The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro protamine suspension are consistent with those of an intermediate acting insulin such as NPH. The pharmacokinetics of Humalog Mix25 are representative of the individual pharmacokinetic properties of the two components. When considering the clinical relevance of these kinetics, it is more appropriate to examine the glucose utilisation curves (as discussed in Pharmacodynamics previously).
Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with renal impairment. In patients with type 2 diabetes over a wide range of renal function the pharmacokinetic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin were generally maintained and shown to be independent of renal function. Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption and elimination when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with hepatic impairment.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: In in vitro tests, including binding to insulin receptor sites and effects on growing cells, insulin lispro behaved in a manner that closely resembled human insulin. Studies also demonstrate that the dissociation of binding to the insulin receptor of insulin lispro is equivalent to human insulin. Acute, one month and twelve month toxicology studies produced no significant toxicity findings.
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment, embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in animal studies.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The primary activity of insulin lispro is the regulation of glucose metabolism.
In addition, insulins have several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on a variety of different tissues. Within muscle tissue this includes increasing glycogen, fatty acid, glycerol and protein synthesis and amino acid uptake, while decreasing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism and amino acid output.
Insulin lispro has a rapid onset of action (approximately 15 minutes), thus allowing it to be given closer to a meal (within zero to 15 minutes of the meal) when compared to soluble insulin (30 to 45 minutes before). The rapid onset and early peak of activity of insulin lispro is observed following the subcutaneous administration of Humalog Mix25. Humalog Basal has an activity profile that is very similar to that of a basal insulin (NPH) over a period of approximately 15 hours.
Clinical trials in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia with Humalog Mix25 compared to human insulin mixture 30/70. In one clinical study there was a small (0.38 mmol/l) increase in blood glucose levels at night (3 a.m.).
In the figure as follows the pharmacodynamics of Humalog Mix25 and BASAL are illustrated. (See figure.)
The previous representation reflects the relative amount of glucose over time required to maintain the subject's whole blood glucose concentrations near fasting levels and is an indicator of the effect of these insulins on glucose metabolism over time.
The glucodynamic response to insulin lispro is not affected by renal or hepatic function impairment. Glucodynamic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin, as measured during a glucose clamp procedure, were maintained over a wide range of renal function.
Insulin lispro has been shown to be equipotent to human insulin on a molar basis but its effect is more rapid and of a shorter duration.
In two 8-month open label crossover studies, type 2 diabetes patients who were either new to insulin therapy or already using one or two injections of insulin, received 4 months of treatment with Humalog Mix25 (used twice daily with metformin) and insulin glargine (used once daily with metformin) in a randomised sequence.
Detailed information can be found in the following table. (See Table 1.)
Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro reflect a compound that is rapidly absorbed, and achieves peak blood levels 30 to 70 minutes following subcutaneous injection. The pharmacokinetics of insulin lispro protamine suspension are consistent with those of an intermediate acting insulin such as NPH. The pharmacokinetics of Humalog Mix25 are representative of the individual pharmacokinetic properties of the two components. When considering the clinical relevance of these kinetics, it is more appropriate to examine the glucose utilisation curves (as discussed in Pharmacodynamics previously).
Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with renal impairment. In patients with type 2 diabetes over a wide range of renal function the pharmacokinetic differences between insulin lispro and soluble human insulin were generally maintained and shown to be independent of renal function. Insulin lispro maintains more rapid absorption and elimination when compared to soluble human insulin in patients with hepatic impairment.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: In in vitro tests, including binding to insulin receptor sites and effects on growing cells, insulin lispro behaved in a manner that closely resembled human insulin. Studies also demonstrate that the dissociation of binding to the insulin receptor of insulin lispro is equivalent to human insulin. Acute, one month and twelve month toxicology studies produced no significant toxicity findings.
Insulin lispro did not induce fertility impairment, embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in animal studies.
MedsGo Class
Insulin Preparations
Features
Brand
Humalog Mix25 Kwikpen
Full Details
Dosage Strength
100 units / ml (3.5 mg / ml)
Drug Ingredients
- Insulin Lispro
Drug Packaging
Suspension for Injection (S.C.) 1's
Generic Name
Insulin Lispro
Dosage Form
Suspension for Injection (S.C.)
Registration Number
BR-957
Drug Classification
Prescription Drug (RX)
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