YAZ Drospirenone / Ethinylestradiol 3mg / 20mcg Film-Coated Tablet 28's

 

If any of the conditions/risk factors mentioned as follows is present, the benefits of COC use should be weighed against the possible risks for each individual woman and discussed with the woman before she decides to start using it. In the event of aggravation, exacerbation or first appearance of any of these conditions or risk factors, the woman should contact her physician. The physician should then decide on whether COC use should be discontinued.
Circulatory Disorders: Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between the use of COCs and an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombotic and thromboembolic diseases eg, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and of cerebrovascular accidents. These events occur rarely.
The risk of VTE is highest during the 1st year of use. This increased risk is present after initially starting a COC or restarting (following a ≥4 week pill-free interval) the same or a different COC. Data from a large, prospective 3-armed cohort study suggest that this increased risk is mainly present during the first 3 months.
Overall the risk for VTE in users of low estrogen dose (<50 mcg ethinylestradiol) COCs is 2- to 3-fold higher than for nonusers of COCs who are not pregnant and remains lower than the risk associated with pregnancy and delivery.
Venous thromboembolism may be life-threatening or may have a fatal outcome (in 1-2% of the cases).
Venous thromboembolism, manifesting as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism, may occur during the use of all COCs.
Extremely rarely, thrombosis has been reported to occur in other blood vessels eg, hepatic, mesenteric, renal, cerebral or retinal veins and arteries, in COC users. There is no consensus as to whether the occurrence of these events is associated with the use of COCs.
Symptoms of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) can include: Unilateral swelling of the leg or along a vein in the leg; pain or tenderness in the leg which may be felt only when standing or walking, increased warmth in the affected leg; red or discolored skin on the leg.
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) can include: Sudden onset of unexplained shortness of breath or rapid breathing; sudden coughing which may bring up blood; sharp chest pain which may increase with deep breathing; sense of anxiety; severe lightheadedness or dizziness; rapid or irregular heartbeat. Some of these symptoms (eg, shortness of breath, coughing) are nonspecific and might be misinterpreted as more common or less severe events (eg, respiratory tract infections).
An arterial thromboembolic event can include cerebrovascular accident, vascular occlusion or myocardial infarction (MI). Symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident can include: Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on 1 side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding; sudden trouble seeing in 1 or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; sudden, severe or prolonged headache with no known cause; loss of consciousness or fainting with or without seizure. Other signs of vascular occlusion can include: Sudden pain, swelling and slight blue discoloration of an extremity; acute abdomen.
Symptoms of MI can include: Pain, discomfort, pressure, heaviness, sensation of squeezing or fullness in the chest, arm, or below the breastbone; discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat, arm, stomach; fullness, indigestion or choking feeling; sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness; extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath; rapid or irregular heartbeats.
Arterial thromboembolic events may be life-threatening, or may have a fatal outcome.
The risk of venous or arterial thrombotic/thromboembolic events or of a cerebrovascular accident increases with: Age; obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m²); a positive family history (ie, venous or arterial thromboembolism ever in a sibling or parent at a relatively early age). If a hereditary predisposition is suspected, the woman should be referred to a specialist for advice before deciding about any COC use; prolonged immobilization, major surgery, any surgery to the legs, or major trauma. In these situations, it is advisable to discontinue COC use (in the case of elective surgery, at least 4 weeks in advance) and not to resume until 2 weeks after complete remobilization; smoking (with heavier smoking and increasing age, the risk further increases, especially in women >35 years); dyslipoproteinemia; hypertension; migraine; valvular heart disease; atrial fibrillation.
There is no consensus about the possible role of varicose veins and superficial thrombophlebitis in venous thromboembolism.
The increased risk of thromboembolism in the puerperium must be considered (see Contraindications).
Other medical conditions which have been associated with adverse circulatory events include diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, hemolytic uremic syndrome, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and sickle cell disease.
An increase in frequency or severity of migraine during COC use (which may be prodromal of a cerebrovascular event) may be a reason for immediate discontinuation of the COC.
Biochemical factors that may be indicative of hereditary or acquired predisposition for venous or arterial thrombosis include Activated Protein C (APC) resistance, hyperhomocysteinemia, antithrombin-III deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant).
When considering risk/benefit, the physician should take into account that adequate treatment of a condition may reduce the associated risk of thrombosis and that the risk associated with pregnancy is higher than that associated with low dose COCs (<0.05 mg ethinylestradiol).
Tumors: The most important risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent HPV infection. Some epidemiological studies have indicated that long-term use of COCs may further contribute to this increased risk but there continues to be controversy about the extent to which this finding is attributable to confounding effects eg, cervical screening and sexual behaviour including use of barrier contraceptives.
A meta-analysis from 54 epidemiological studies reported that there is a slightly increased relative risk (RR=1.24) of having breast cancer diagnosed in women who are currently using COCs. The excess risk gradually disappears during the course of the 10 years after cessation of COC use. Because breast cancer is rare in women <40 years, the excess number of breast cancer diagnoses in current and recent COC users is small in relation to the overall risk of breast cancer. These studies do not provide evidence for causation. The observed pattern of increased risk may be due to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in COC users, the biological effects of COCs or a combination of both. The breast cancers diagnosed in ever-users tend to be less advanced clinically than the cancers diagnosed in never-users.
In rare cases, benign liver tumors, and even more rarely, malignant liver tumors have been reported in users of COCs. In isolated cases, these tumors have led to life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhages. A liver tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis when severe upper abdominal pain, liver enlargement or signs of intra-abdominal hemorrhage occur in women taking COCs.
Malignancies may be life-threatening or may have a fatal outcome.
Other Conditions: Potassium excretion capacity may be limited in patients with renal insufficiency. In a clinical study, drospirenone intake did not show an effect on the serum potassium concentration in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. A theoretical risk for hyperkalemia can be assumed only for patients with renal impairment whose pre-treatment serum potassium is in the upper reference range, and who are additionally using potassium-sparing drugs.
Women with hypertriglyceridemia or a family history thereof, may be at an increased risk of pancreatitis when using COCs.
Although small increases in blood pressure have been reported in many women taking COCs, clinically relevant increases are rare. The antimineralocorticoid effect of drospirenone may counteract ethinylestradiol-induced increases in blood pressure observed in normotensive women using other combined oral contraceptives. However, if a sustained clinically significant hypertension develops during the use of a COC, then it is prudent for the physician to withdraw the COC and treat the hypertension. Where considered appropriate, COC use may be resumed if normotensive values can be achieved with antihypertensive therapy.
The following conditions have been reported to occur or deteriorate with both pregnancy and COC use, but the evidence of an association with COC use is inconclusive: Jaundice and/or pruritus related to cholestasis; gallstone formation; porphyria; systemic lupus erythematosus; hemolytic uremic syndrome; Sydenham's chorea; herpes gestationis; otosclerosis-related hearing loss.
In women with hereditary angioedema exogenous estrogens may induce or exacerbate symptoms of angioedema.
Acute or chronic disturbances of liver function may necessitate the discontinuation of COC use until markers of liver function return to normal. Recurrence of cholestatic jaundice which occurred first during pregnancy or previous use of sex steroids necessitates the discontinuation of COCs.
Although COCs may have an effect on peripheral insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, there is no evidence for a need to alter the therapeutic regimen in diabetics using low-dose COCs (containing <0.05 mg ethinylestradiol). However, diabetic women should be carefully observed while taking COCs.
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have been associated with COC use.
Chloasma may occasionally occur, especially in women with a history of chloasma gravidarum. Women with a tendency to chloasma should avoid exposure to the sun or ultraviolet radiation while taking COCs.
Each light pink and white film-coated tablets of Yaz contains 46 mg and 50 mg lactose, respectively. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption who are on a lactose-free diet should take this amount into consideration.

 

Contraindicated with known or suspected pregnancy.

 

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.

 

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: The contraceptive effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is based on the interaction of various factors, the most important of which are seen as the inhibition of ovulation and the changes in the cervical secretion.